Tag: cryptocurrency

Can unlimited TPS improve the user experience in blockchain applications

Unlimited Transactions Per Second (TPS) in blockchain systems has the potential to dramatically enhance user experience by addressing critical pain points in current networks. Here’s how transformative this capability could be:

Core User Experience Improvements

1. Elimination of Network Congestion

Instant transaction finality regardless of network load
No more delayed payments during market volatility or popular NFT drops
Removal of “gas wars” where users bid up fees for priority processing

2. Microtransaction Enablement

Fractional fee structures (e.g., $0.0001 per transaction) make viable:
- Pay-per-second streaming services
- In-game item purchases under $0.01
- IoT device micropayments (sensor data transactions)
Creates new Web3 business models comparable to Web2 convenience

3. Predictable Costs

Flat-rate fee structures become feasible instead of dynamic pricing
Eliminates unexpected fee spikes during popular events
Enables accurate cost forecasting for developers and users

4. Enterprise-Grade Performance

Supports real-time financial operations like:
- High-frequency trading
- Instant cross-border settlements
- Supply chain tracking updates
Matches traditional finance speeds (VISA’s ~1,700 TPS) while maintaining decentralization

Factor	Requirement	Current Leader Example
Consensus Mechanism	Parallel processing capabilities	Solana’s Proof of History
State Management	Advanced pruning / compression	Ethereum’s ZK-Rollups
Network Architecture	Horizontal scaling through sharding	IPI’s Proof of Network
Hardware Demands	Lightweight node requirements	Hedera’s Council Nodes

Challenges to Seamless UX

While unlimited TPS promises revolutionary improvements, three key challenges remain:

Decentralization Tradeoffs
- High-TPS networks like Solana require validator nodes with 128GB RAM, risking centralization
- IPI’s international node distribution attempts to mitigate this through geographic diversity
State Bloat Management
- Ethereum’s blockchain grew to 262GB in 4 years despite low TPS
- Solutions like ZK compression and state rent models must evolve alongside TPS growth
Security Considerations
- Faster networks increase attack surface potential
- Requires advanced DDoS protection and consensus hardening

Real-World Impact Examples

Gaming Revolution
- MMORPGs could process 100,000+ in-game item trades/hour
- Play-to-earn models with real-time micropayouts
Financial Inclusion
- Microinsurance policies with daily $0.001 premiums
- Cross-border remittances under $1 become economically viable
IoT Ecosystems
- Smart cities processing millions of sensor transactions/minute
- Autonomous vehicle tolling systems with per-meter billing

The transition to unlimited TPS blockchains represents a paradigm shift comparable to the move from dial-up to broadband internet. While technical hurdles remain, projects like IPI with their Proof of Network architecture and Solana’s Proof of History demonstrate that practical implementations are emerging. As these systems mature, users could experience blockchain applications that are not just comparable to traditional web services, but superior in both performance and economic fairness.

March 23, 2025

How to buy IPI

IPI SWAP

This is what SWAP looks like, which is used to exchange cryptocurrencies. You can exchange BTC for IPI. You can also enter a number in the BTC or USD field and then you will receive the equivalent in IPI.

Then you click “Swap” and the exchange offer will appear.

To confirm it, you need to log in or connect to the wallet by clicking “Sign in or connect wallet” or by entering the wallet address to which you want to send the IPI. Then click “Set destination address”.

On the screen you will see information about the address to which the coins will be sent. You can still change it by clicking “Change output address”.

Below you can see how much and to which address you need to send BTC. The transaction will be finalized when a sufficient amount has been deposited and the transaction has more than 6 confirmations.

Only deposits that receive 6 confirmations before the time expires are taken into account in the swap. The address will be assigned to this offer for 48 hours, in case of problems it will be possible to block it further. To avoid problems, do not skimp on transaction fees, because the speed of the transaction entering the block depends on their amount. Below is information on how much BTC you have already received, when the offer expires and how much time is left.

Once the entire amount has been transferred, the “Finalize offer” button will appear.

Your money has been sent. You can now click on the links to check the transaction details and address. If something went wrong, contact support at [email protected]

March 22, 2025
How the IPI blockchain works FAQ

1. What is IPI and what blockchain problems does it aim to solve?

IPI (INDEPENDENT PROTOCOL INFRASTRUCTURE) is a next-generation blockchain project designed to address scalability issues that limit the widespread adoption of blockchain technology. It uses a novel two-phase ‘PROOF OF NETWORK’ consensus mechanism that separates the queuing of transactions from their execution. With this, IPI aims to achieve near unlimited transaction throughput (TPS), low transaction fees and a decentralised architecture to enable the global adoption of blockchain in various domains such as financial services, gaming and real-time applications.

2. What is IPI’s innovative consensus mechanism, ‘PROOF OF NETWORK’?

The ‘PROOF OF NETWORK’ (PoN) mechanism is a two-phase consensus approach. In the first phase, ‘Order Now’, the network determines the order in which transactions are executed in a distributed manner. This established order is then shared (sharded). As transactions are deterministic and their order is fixed, the outcome of their execution is already guaranteed. In the second phase, ‘Execute Later’, the network participants actually execute the transactions in order to know their results. Thanks to the fixed order and the deterministic nature of the execution, validators do not need to know the results of previous transactions to process subsequent blocks.

3. How does IPI achieve scalability with its sharding architecture?

IPI uses a multi-tier sharding architecture based on user addresses. The network initially operates as a single ‘Root’ blockchain. As the number of transactions and validators grows, the system splits into shards (level two), and when each shard reaches a certain limit (‘MaxShardsPerLevel’), it can further split into more shards, creating a hierarchy. Each shard is responsible for processing transactions related to a specific address range (defined by the address bit prefix). ‘Root’ blockchain coordinates and finalises the order of blocks from each shard, ensuring global consistency. Shards can also merge if their load falls below a certain threshold.

4. What does transaction processing look like in an IPI network with sharding?

When a user initiates a transaction, it is routed to the appropriate shard based on the sender’s address. The validators in this shard place the transaction in their mempool. The selected leader (proposer), using the Verifiable Random Function (VRF), proposes a block containing the transaction. The block is then verified and validated by a sufficient number of validators in the shard by voting (soft vote and certify vote). Once validated in the shard, the hash of the shard block is sent to the ‘Root’ blockchain mempool. The ‘Root’ blockchain leader includes the hashes of the blocks from the different shards in a new ‘Root’ block. Once the ‘Root’ block is validated, the transaction is considered published and finalised globally. Any participant in the network can verify the transaction and calculate account balance changes.

5. What is the role of validators in the IPI network and how are they rewarded?

Validators in the IPI network are mainly responsible for prioritising transactions in their assigned shards and in the ‘Root’ blockchain. In order to become a validator, a certain number of IPI tokens must be locked up as their stake. Validators participate in the consensus process by proposing and voting on blocks. They are rewarded for their work by sharing transaction fees and block rewards. Transaction fees are shared between validators at all levels of the shard hierarchy (some fees go to higher level validators). Block rewards are shared between the blockchain’s ‘Root’ validators and the validators in the shards (in proportion to the size of the shard’s address space), and within the shard the reward is shared between the block proposer and the other validators.

6. How does IPI ensure decentralisation and prevent transaction censorship?

IPI aims for a high degree of decentralisation through the use of address-based sharding, which keeps block sizes relatively small and processable on moderately powerful hardware (e.g. Raspberry Pi). The fact that validators are mainly concerned with transaction queuing rather than computationally intensive execution lowers the barriers to entry for potential validators. The use of the Pure Proof of Stake mechanism, in which block leaders and validation committees are randomly selected using VRF, makes transaction censoring significantly more difficult. In order to censor a transaction, validators would have to reject a block proposal, risking the loss of prizes, and a different set of validators is selected in the next round.

7. What are the main phases of IPI token distribution and when is the listing on exchanges (CEX) planned?

The distribution of IPI tokens takes place in phases, which include private sales (5 phases), public sales (10 phases) and listing on centralised exchanges (CEX). The price of the IPI token increases during the successive sales phases. After the public pre-sale phase, IPI will be listed on CEX exchanges. This phase is crucial as it will enable independent developers to create decentralised applications (dApps) on the IPI platform. Demand for the IPI token is expected to increase as it will be necessary for the dApps to operate and pay transaction fees.

March 20, 2025